SDGs -

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries – developed and developing – in a global partnership. They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.

The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, including the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs

In June 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, more than 178 countries adopted Agenda 21, a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable development to improve human lives and protect the environment.
Member States unanimously adopted the Millennium Declaration at the Millennium Summit in September 2000 at UN Headquarters in New York. The Summit led to the elaboration of eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.
The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation, adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in South Africa in 2002, reaffirmed the global community’s commitments to poverty eradication and the environment, and built on Agenda 21 and the Millennium Declaration by including more emphasis on multilateral partnerships.
At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012, Member States adopted the outcome document “The Future We Want“ in which they decided, inter alia, to launch a process to develop a set of SDGs to build upon the MDGs and to establish the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development. The Rio +20 outcome also contained other measures for implementing sustainable development, including mandates for future programmes of work in development financing, small island developing states and more.
In 2013, the General Assembly set up a 30-member Open Working Group to develop a proposal on the SDGs.
In January 2015, the General Assembly began the negotiation process on the post-2015 development agenda. The process culminated in the subsequent adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17 SDGs at its core, at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015.
2015 was a landmark year for multilateralism and international policy shaping, with the adoption of several major agreements:
- Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (March 2015)
- Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development (July 2015)
- Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its 17 SDGs was adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015.
- Paris Agreement on Climate Change (December 2015)
Now, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development serves as the central UN platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.

Today, the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG)in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic issues, including water, energy, climate, oceans, urbanization, transport, science and technology, the Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), partnerships, and Small Island Developing States.

DSDG plays a key role in the evaluation of UN systemwide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and on advocacy and outreach activities relating to the SDGs. In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals. DSDG aims to help facilitate this engagement.

In 2015, the United Nations member states signed up to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. At the core of this agenda are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The SDGs were created to protect the planet by sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change; and to protect the people of the world by ending poverty and hunger, and fostering peace.

Test your knowledge of the issues and the UN targets with this quiz.

1. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aimed to eradicate poverty by 2030. Sadly it is not on course to meet this target, partly due to COVID-19. What is the global poverty rate predicted to be by 2030?
a) 3%
b) 7%
c) 10%

2. The second key aim of the agenda is to end hunger. What percentage of the world’s population regularly suffers from hunger?
a) 1.2%
b) 4.5%
c) 8.9%

3. Women’s equality and empowerment is one of the 17 SDGs. The gender pay gap stands at 23%. If current trends continue, in what year will the gender pay gap close?
a) 2030
b) 2086
c) 2100

4. In order to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, scientists say global emissions should be cut to 45 per cent below 2010 levels by 2030. How much lower were emissions from developed countries in 2019 than in 2010?
a) 6.2%
b) 10%
c) 18.9%

5. Ensuring access to sustainable energy is a fundamental target of the SDGs. Which is the largest single renewable electricity source today, providing 16% of world electricity?
a) Hydro power
b) Wind power
c) Solar power

6. Measures to make human consumption and production more sustainable will lessen the destructive impact we are having on our planet. What proportion of the world’s food is currently thrown away or wasted?
a) One tenth
b) One third
c) Half

7. The ‘Life Below Water’ goal lays out desperately-needed measures to protect our oceans. At current rates, by what year will there be more plastic than fish in oceans?
a) 2030
b) 2050
c) 2090

8. Goal 11 looks at sustainable cities and communities. What percentage of people living in urban areas are exposed to air quality levels which exceed the guidelines set by the World Health Organization?
a) Less than 50%
b) More than 60%
c) More than 80%

9. Goal 15 looks at life on land, and how to combat the desertification and degradation which leaves land unable to support life systems. What proportion of land on Earth is currently degraded?
a) One eighth
b) One fifth
c) One quarter

10. Goal 15 recognizes that preserving nature is vital for our survival. Why is reforestation so important to this?
a) Forests are the most biologically-diverse ecosystems on land, home to more than 80% of the terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects
b) Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing roughly 2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year
c) Both of the above!

ANSWERS: 1. b) | 2. c) | 3. b) | 4. a) | 5. a) | 6. b) | 7. b) | 8. c) | 9. b) | 10. c)

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) QUIZ courtesy of the Future Forest Company.